The following argument is a summary of Part 1 of his First Principles (2nd ed 1867). Kymlicka, Will (2005). There is perpetual continuity of motion in the world. Militant society, structured around relationships of hierarchy and obedience, was simple and undifferentiated; industrial society, based on voluntary, contractually assumed social obligations, was complex and differentiated. In his famed work Social Statics (1850), he argued that imperialism had served civilization by clearing the inferior races off the earth: "The forces which are working out the great scheme of perfect happiness, taking no account of incidental suffering, exterminate such sections of mankind as stand in their way. Once differentiation occurs within the units of an aggregate, a tendency towards the specialization of parts will develop. are also present. Like physical evolution also in social evolution there is a movement from simple to complex. He never married, and after 1855 was a perpetual hypochondriac[16] who complained endlessly of pains and maladies that no physician could diagnose at that time. He also became a member of the Athenaeum, an exclusive Gentleman's Club in London open only to those distinguished in the arts and sciences, and the X Club, a dining club of nine founded by T.H. Therefore, Spencer concluded, religion and science agree in the supreme truth that the human understanding is only capable of 'relative' knowledge. Spencer's volumes on biology, psychology, and sociology were all intended to demonstrate the existence of natural laws in these specific disciplines. "[29], Politics in late Victorian Britain moved in directions that Spencer disliked, and his arguments provided so much ammunition for conservatives and individualists in Europe and America that they are still in use in the 21st century. While his political and ethical writings had themes consistent with social Darwinism, such themes are absent in Spencer's sociological works, which focus on how processes of societal growth and differentiation lead to changing degrees of complexity in social organization [22]. [citation needed] As William James remarked, Spencer "enlarged the imagination, and set free the speculative mind of countless doctors, engineers, and lawyers, of many physicists and chemists, and of thoughtful laymen generally. One of the most forceful critics of Carlyle's formulation of the great man theory was Herbert Spencer, who believed that attributing historical events to the decisions of individuals was an unscientific position. Otherwise, Spencer was an autodidact who acquired most of his knowledge from narrowly focused readings and conversations with his friends and acquaintances.[10]. Spencer, is the trebly compound societies that are actually the great civilized 59 HOSSAIN, D., M., MUSTARI, S., (2012) A Critical Analysis of Herbert Spencer’s Theory of Evolution, Postmodern Openings, 2012, Volume 3, Issue 2, June, pp: 55-66 Spencer claimed that man's mind had evolved in the same way from the simple automatic responses of lower animals to the process of reasoning in the thinking man. "The strange capacity which we have for being affected by melody and harmony, may be taken to imply both that it is within the possibilities of our nature to realize those intenser delights they dimly suggest, and that they are in some way concerned in the realization of them. Elliott, Paul. Spencer originated the expression "survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. H.G. It is not practical and realistic. The last decades of Spencer's life were characterised by growing disillusionment and loneliness. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was known as one of the leading Social Darwinists of the 19th century was an English philosopher and prolific writer. In 1858 Spencer produced an outline of what was to become the System of Synthetic Philosophy. It was considered by many, furthermore, to be actively dangerous. Spencer argued that writers should aim "To so present ideas that they may be apprehended with the least possible mental effort" by the reader.
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